The present perfect tense has a number of uses.
1 We use it to talk about experience.
- I’ve worked in 6 different countries.
- Have you ever been to Australia?
- She’s won many awards for her books.
When these things happened is not important – the focus is on the action/state, not when it happened.
NB If we say when we had the experience, we must use the past simple.
NB If we say when we had the experience, we must use the past simple.
- I’ve visited Russia several times.
- BUT I visited Russia for the first time in 1992.
We can never use the present perfect with a time in the past.
I have been to Spain in 2002.
2 We also use the present perfect to talk about things that are unfinished – unfinished states and unfinished time periods.
- I’ve known him since I was 11. (unfinished state)
I met him when I was 11. I still know him now. The present perfect is acting as a bridge between the past and the present.
- I’ve had this watch for almost thirty years.
- We’ve lived here since I was a boy.
- She’s been to the cinema three times this week. (unfinished time period)
This week isn’t finished yet – she may go to the cinema again.
- We’ve already had two holidays this year.
- I’ve eaten too much today.
3 A third use of the present perfect is to show the present result of a past action
- I’ve lost my keys.
He lost his keys some time in the past but the result – he can’t get into his house – is in the present.
- John’s broken his leg and he can’t go on holiday.
- A storm has blown down the telephone lines. We’re stuck here!
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